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Chemical Heritage Foundation:
Philadelphia, PA, 1997. viii + 180 pp. 21.6 x 27.8 cm.
ISBN 0-941901-15-1. Paper. $20.00 ($10.00 for high
school teachers who provide documentation).
At a 1991 summer workshop sponsored by the
Chemical Heritage Foundation and taught by Derek A. Davenport and
William B. Jensen, high school and college teachers of
introductory chemistry requested a source of pictorial material about
famous chemical scientists suitable as a classroom aid. CHF
responded by publishing this attractive, inexpensive paperback
volume, which reflects the considerable research effort needed to
locate appropriate images and to write the biographical essays.
Printed on heavy, glossy paper and spiral bound to
facilitate conversion to overhead transparencies, it contains 157
images from pictorial collections at CHF and many other
institutions on two types of achievers: the historical "greats" most often
referred to in introductory courses, and scientists who made
contributions in areas of the chemical sciences that are of special
relevance to modern life and the career choices students will make.
The pictures are intended to provide the "human face"
of the book's subtitle- "to point to the human beings who
had the insights and made the major advances that [teachers] ask
students to master." Thus, for example, Boyle's law becomes less
cold and abstract if the student can connect it with the two
portraits of the Irish scientist even if his face is topped with a wig.
Marie Curie can be seen in the role of wife and mother as well as
genius scientist in the photographs of her with her two
daughters, one of whom also became a Nobel laureate. And students
are reminded of the ubiquity of the contribution of the
chemical scientists to all aspects of our everyday life by the stories and
pictures of Wallace Hume Carothers' path to nylon, Percy
Lavon Julian's work on hormones, and Charles F. Chandler and
Rachel Carson's efforts to preserve the environment. In addition to
portraits (formal and informal, familiar and unfamiliar),
caricatures, apparatus, patent drawings, models, manuscripts,
memoranda, laboratories, and plants and buildings are featured. The book
presents many images of chemists in the work settings where
they actually made their discoveries.
The quaint pictures of Chandler with his wash bottle,
William H. Walker with his slide rule, Carl Djerassi peering at a
flask without goggle protection, and Edward Goodrich Acheson
with his omnipresent cigar evoke a bygone era that will induce
nostalgia in instructors and curiosity or disbelief in students.
Many of the 80 featured chemists are minority scientists; 10 are
women (Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Marie Curie, Iréne
Joliot-Curie, Mme. Lavoisier, Rosalind Franklin, Stephanie L. Kwolek,
Ellen Swallow Richards, Alice Hamilton, Rachel Carson, and
Julia Brainerd Hall, whose role in her brother Charles Martin
Hall's development of the electrolytic production of metal
is underappreciated), and three are African-Americans (Percy
Lavon Julian, Walter Lincoln Hawkins, and Henry Aaron Hill).
The book's 11 sections, each prefaced with a short,
helpful summary, and the number of scientists profiled in each are
Forerunners, 4; Theory and Production of Gases, 4;
Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Industries, 12; The Path to the
Periodic Table, 9; Atomic and Nuclear Structure, 9; Chemical
Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding, 9; Pharmaceuticals and the Path
to Biomolecules, 10; Petroleum and Petrochemicals, 4; Plastics
and Other Polymers, 6; Chemical Engineering (most of whose practitioners
were unfamiliar to me), 6; and Human and Natural
Environmental Concerns, 7. An extensive bibliography (five
double-column pages), arranged according to these sections,
includes books, articles, dissertations, collections, and oral histories.
Items as recent as 1997 and even a 1998 book in press are cited.
An index (three triple-column pages) facilitates location of material.
Chemical Achievers is to some extent similar to Henry
Monmouth Smith's long-out-of-print Torchbearers of
Chemistry (Academic Press, 1949), but the quality of the illustrations and paper
are much better and the text is much more detailed. The book
is virtually error-free; the only one that I spotted was the
misspelling of O. Bertrand Ramsay's name as Ramsey.
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