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JCE ChemInfo: Inorganic
Tables of Diagmagnetic Corrections and Pascal's Constants

Measured magnetic susceptibilities of paramagnetic substances must typically be corrected for their underlying diamagnetism. This correction is often accomplished by using tabulated values for the diamagnetism of atoms, ions, or whole molecules. These tabulated values can be problematic since many sources contain incomplete and conflicting data. Included here are organized tables of constants compiled from many sources.

JCEDLib ChemInfo
A corresponding article in the Journal provides a detailed explanation for the origin of the diamagnetic correction factors, a simple method for estimating the correct order of magnitude for the diamagnetic correction for any given compound, a clear explanation of how to use the constants tabulated here to calculate the diamagnetic susceptibility, and a worked example for the magnetic susceptibility of copper acetate.

Contents of the tables:

  • Table 1. Values of χDi for Atoms in Covalent Species
  • Table 2. Values of λi for Specific Bond Types
  • Table 3. Values of χDi for Anions
  • Table 4. Values of χDi for Common Ligands
  • Table 5. Values of χDi for Common Solvents of Crystallization
  • Table 6. Values of χDi for Cations
  • 1. Atoms
  • 2. Bonds
  • 3. Anions
  • 4. Ligands
  • 5. Solvents
  • 6. Cations

Table 1: Values of χDi for Atoms in Covalent Species

Atom
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Atom
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Atom
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Atom
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Ag
–31.0
C (ring)
–6.24
Li
–4.2
S
–15.0
Al
–13.0
Ca
–15.9
Mg
–10.0
Sb(III)
–74.0
As(III)
–20.9
Cl
–20.1
N (ring)
–4.61
Se
–23.0
As(V)
–43.0
F
–6.3
N (open chain)
–5.57
Si
–13
B
–7.0
H
–2.93
Na
–9.2
Sn(IV)
–30
Bi
–192.0
Hg(II)
–33.0
O
–4.6
Te
–37.3
Br
–30.6
I
–44.6
P
–26.3
Tl(I)
–40.0
C
–6.00
K
–18.5
Pb(II)
–46.0
Zn
–13.5

Table 2: Values of λi for Specific Bond Types

Bonda
λi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Bond
λi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Bond
λi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Bond
λi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
C=C +5.5 Cl–CR2CR2–Cl
+4.3
Ar–Br
–3.5
Imidazole
+8.0
C≡C +0.8 R2CCl2
+1.44
Ar–Cl
–2.5
Isoxazole
+1.0
C=C–C=C +10.6 RCHCl2
+6.43
Ar–I
–3.5
Morpholine
+5.5
Ar–C≡C–Arb +3.85 C–Br
+4.1
Ar–COOH
–1.5
Piperazine
+7.0
CH2=CH–CH2–(allyl) +4.5 Br–CR2CR2–Br
+6.24
Ar–C(=O)NH2
–1.5
Piperidine
+3.0
C=O +6.3 C–I
+4.1
R2C=N–N=CR2
+10.2
Pyrazine
+9.0
COOH –5.0 Ar–OH
–1
RC≡C–C(=O)R
+0.8
Pyridine
+0.5
COOR –5.0 Ar–NR2
+1
Benzene
–1.4c
Pyrimidine
+6.5
C(=O)NH2 –3.5 Ar–C(=O)R
–1.5
Cyclobutane
+7.2
α-, or γ-Pyrone
–1.4
N=N +1.85 Ar–COOR
–1.5
Cyclohexadiene
+10.56
Pyrrole
–3.5
C=N– +8.15 Ar–C=C
–1.00
Cyclohexane
+3.0
Pyrrolidine
+0.0
–C≡N +0.8 Ar–C≡C
–1.5
Cyclohexene
+6.9
Tetrahydrofuran
+0.0
–N≡C +0.0 Ar–OR
–1
Cyclopentane
+0.0
Thiazole
–3.0
N=O +1.7 Ar–CHO
–1.5
Cyclopropane
+7.2
Thiophene
–7.0
–NO2 –2.0 Ar–Ar
–0.5
Dioxane
+5.5
Triazine
–1.4
C–Cl +3.1 Ar–NO2
–0.5
Furan
–2.5



aOrdinary C–H and C–C single bonds are assumed to have a λ value of 0.0 emu mol–1. bThe symbol Ar represents an aryl ring. cSome sources list the λ value for a benzene ring as –18.00 to which three times λ(C=C) must then be added. To minimize the calculations involved, this convention was not followed such that λ values given for aromatic rings are assumed to automatically take into account the corresponding double bonds in the ring.

Table 3: Values of χDi for Anions

Anion
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Anion
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Anion
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Anion
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
AsO33–
–51
C6H5COO
–71
NCO
–23
S2O32–
–46
AsO43–
–60
CO32–
–28.0
NCS
–31.0
S2O82–
–78
BF4
–37
C2O42–
–34
O2–
–12.0a
HSO4
–35.0
BO33–
–35
F
–9.1
OAc
–31.5
Se2–
–48b
Br
–34.6
HCOO
–17
OH
–12.0
SeO32–
–44
BrO3
–40
I
–50.6
PO33–
–42
SeO42–
–51
Cl
–23.4
IO3
–51
PtCl62–
–148
SiO32–
–36
ClO3
–30.2
IO4
–51.9
S2–
–30
Te2–
–70
ClO4
–32.0
NO2
–10.0
SO32–
–38
TeO32–
–63
CN
–13.0
NO3
–18.9
SO42–
–40.1
TeO42–
–55
C5H5
–65
 
 
 
aThe value of χDi for O2- is reported as –6.0 in some sources. bThis value is uncertain.

Table 4: Values of χDi for Common Ligands

Ligand
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Ligand
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Ligand
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Ligand
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Acac
–52
Ethylene
–15
NH3
–18
Pyrazine
–50
Bipy
–105
Glycinate
–37
Phen
–128
Pyridine
–49
CO
–10
H2O
–13
o-PBMA
–194
Salen2–
–182
C5H5
–65
Hyrdazine
–20
Phthalocyanine
–442
Urea
–34
En
–46.5
Malonate
–45
PPh3
–167
 
Note: Abbreviations: acac = acetylacetonate, bipy = 2,2’-dipyridyl, en = ethylenediamine, phen = phenanthroline, PBMA = phenylenebisdimethylarsine, salen = ethylenebis(salicylaminate):

Table 5: Values of χDi for Common Solvents of Crystallization

Solvent
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Solvent
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Solvent
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Solvent
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
CCl4
–66.8
CH3CN
–27.8
CH3C(=O)OC(=O)CH3
–52.8
Cyclohexane
–68
CHCl3
–58.9
1,2-C2H4Cl2
–59.6
CH3CH2CH2CN
–50.4
Hexane
–74.1
CH2Cl2
–46.6
CH3COOH
–31.8
CH3C(=O)OCH2CH3
–54.1
Triethylamine
–83.3
CH3Cl
–32.0
CH3CH2OH
–33.7
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
–56.4
Benzonitrile
–65.2
CH3NO2
–21.0
HOCH2CH2OH
–38.9
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
–55.5
Toluene
–65.6
CH3OH
–21.4
CH3CH2SH
–44.9
Pentane
–61.5
Isooctane
–99.1
CCl3COOH
–73.0
CH3C(=O)CH3
–33.8
o-Dichlorobenzene
–84.4
Naphthalene
–91.6
CF3COOH
–43.3
 
Benzene
–54.8
 

Table 6: Values of χDi for Cations

Cation
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Cation
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Cation
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Cation
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Cation
χDi /(1 x 10-6
emu mol-1)
Ag+
–28
Dy3+
–19
Mo2+
–31
Pt2+
–40
Te4+
–14
Ag2+
–24a
Er3+
–18
Mo3+
–23
Pt3+
–33
Te6+
–12
Al3+
–2
Eu2+
–22
Mo4+
–17
Pt4+
–28
Th4+
–23
As3+
–9a
Eu3+
–20
Mo5+
–12
Rb+
–22.5
Ti3+
–9
As5+
–6
Fe2+
–13
Mo6+
–7
Re3+
–36
Ti4+
–5
Au+
–40a
Fe3+
–10
N5+
–0.1
Re4+
–28
Tl+
–35.7
Au3+
–32
Ga3+
–8
NH4+
–13.3
Re6+
–16
Tl3+
–31
B3+
–0.2
Ge4+
–7
N(CH3)4+
–52
Re7+
–12
Tm3+
–18
Ba2+
–26.5
Gd3+
–20
N(C2H5)4+
–101
Rh3+
–22
U3+
–46
Be2+
–0.4
H+
0
Na+
–6.8
Rh4+
–18
U4+
–35
Bi3+
–25a
Hf4+
–16
Nb+5
–9
Ru3+
–23
U5+
–26
Bi5+
–23
Hg2+
–40.0
Nd3+
–20
Ru4+
–18
U6+
–19
Br5+
–6
Ho3+
–19
Ni2+
–12
S4+
–3
V2+
–15
C4+
–0.1
I5+
–12
Os2+
–44
S6+
–1
V3+
–10
Ca2+
–10.4
I7+
–10
Os3+
–36
Sb3+
–17a
V4+
–7
Cd2+
–24
In3+
–19
Os4+
–29
Sb5+
–14
V5+
–4
Ce3+
–20
Ir+
–50
Os6+
–18
Sc3+
–6
VO2+
–12.5
Ce4+
–17
Ir2+
–42
Os8+
–11
Se4+
–8
W2+
–41
Cl5+
–2
Ir3+
–35
P3+
–4
Se6+
–5
W3+
–36
Co2+
–12
Ir4+
–29
P5+
–1
Si4+
–1
W4+
–23
Co3+
–10
Ir5+
–20
Pb2+
–32.0
Sm2+
–23
W5+
–19
Cr2+
–15
K+
–14.9
Pb4+
–26
Sm3+
–20
W6+
–13
Cr3+
–11
La3+
–20
Pd2+
–25
Sn2+
–20
Y3+
–12
Cr4+
–8
Li+
–1.0
Pd4+
–18
Sn4+
–16
Yb2+
–20
Cr5+
–5
Lu3+
–17
Pm3+
–27
Sr2+
–19.0
Yb3+
–18
Cr6+
–3
Mg2+
–5.0
Pr3+
–20
Ta5+
–14
Zn2+
–15.0
Cs+
–35.0
Mn2+
–14
Pr4+
–18
Tb3+
–19
Zr4+
–10
Cu+
–12
Mn3+
–10
 
Tb4+
–17
 
Cu2+
–11
Mn4+
–8
 
 
 
aThis value is uncertain.
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