Demonstrating the Layered Nature of Graphite. Carbon sheets of flexible graphite are made of compressed graphite vermicular powder. These sheets can be impregnated with an aluminum trichloride/diethylether solution whose oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, initiated by an open flame, produces a pseudo-exfoliation of carbonaceous material—an expanded graphite "worm". This novel demonstration is discussed in the article "Spectacular Pseudo-Exfoliation of an Exfoliated-Compressed Graphite" by M. Comet, L. Schreyeck, S. Verdan, G. Burato, and H. Fuzellier. Shown in the background, the classic demonstration of the dehydration of sugar by the addition of sulfuric acid can, to some extent, also be considered a pseudo-exfoliation. This reaction produces carbon and water and the heat of the reaction vaporizes the water causing a column of carbon to form.
The graphite pseudo-exfoliation images were taken by George Lisensky, Beloit College; the sugar and acid images were taken by Jerry J. Jacobsen and James H. Maynard, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
The cover was designed by Betsy True.
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