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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2007  > August  >
Research: Science and Education
Control of Chemical Equilibrium by Solvent: A Basis for Teaching Physical Chemistry of Solutions
Oleg V. Prezhdo and Colleen F. Craig
Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700

Yuriy Fialkov
Department of Physical Chemistry, Ukrainian National Technical University, Kiev, Ukraine

Victor V. Prezhdo
Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-020 Kielce, Poland

Cover
August 2007
Vol. 84 No. 8
p. 1348
Abstract
The mechanisms by which solvent can be used to control chemical equilibria are analyzed from a thermodynamic perspective and illustrated with several examples. The solvent effect is described in terms of universal- and specific-solvation components, and the practical and pedagogical means of separating these components are discussed. The exceptional ability to influence reaction yields simply by choice of solvent or composition of a solvent mixture is demonstrated with homo- and hetero-molecular association and conformational equilibrium. The material presented here provides an important addition to the physical chemistry curriculum that has been largely overlooked in traditional textbooks.
Supplement
Mathematical derivation of the temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy as well as a detailed example of the solvent effect on heteromolecular association are available.
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Contents
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Citation
Prezhdo, Oleg V.; Craig, Colleen F.; Fialkov, Yuriy; Prezhdo, Victor V. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1348.
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Keywords
Equilibrium; Physical Chemistry; Reactions; Second-Year Undergraduate; Solutions / Solvents; Textbooks / Reference Books; Thermodynamics; Upper-Division Undergraduate
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
6/22/2007
7/5/2007
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