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2007
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February
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In the Laboratory
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An Undergraduate Experiment for the Measurement of Perfluorinated Surfactants in Fish Liver by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Naomi L. Stock, Jonathan W. Martin, Yun Ye, and Scott A. Mabury
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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February 2007
Vol. 84 No. 2
p. 310
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| Abstract |
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Perfluorinated surfactants, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), are an emerging class of environmental contaminants that have recently received considerable attention. An undergraduate laboratory experiment to measure perfluorinated surfactants in fish liver has been developed. Fish samples, collected by students from local markets and grocery stores, are extracted using an ion-pairing method and analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) employing student optimized instrumental parameters. In nearly all fish liver samples analyzed by students, perfluorinated surfactants were detected. This undergraduate experiment provides a hands-on opportunity for students to learn new sample preparation and extraction procedures and the specific techniques of LC–MS/MS. Students gain an appreciation of both the sensitivity of LC–MS/MS for the analysis of trace environmental contaminants and the importance of quality control when working with trace analytes in complex biological matrices.
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| Supplement |
Student instructions and instructions for the teaching assistant or demonstrator are available.
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| More Information |
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Citation |
Stock, Naomi L.; Martin, Jonathan W.; Ye, Yun; Mabury, Scott A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007 84 310.
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Keywords |
Analytical Chemistry; Chromatography; Environmental Chemistry; Laboratory Instruction
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History |
Created:
Last Updated: |
1/9/2007
2/16/2007
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 Caution! | | Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations. |
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