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  Home > JCE Print > Journal of Chemical Education > Issues > 2007  > June  >
In the Laboratory
Green Chemistry
On the Use of "Green" Metrics in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Lecture and Lab To Assess the Mass Efficiency of Organic Reactions
John Andraos and Murtuzaali Sayed
Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
Cover
June 2007
Vol. 84 No. 6
p. 1004

Abstract
This article describes a novel approach to evaluate the complete reaction mass efficiency (RME) and raw material cost (RMC) of any chemical transformation through the implementation of an Excel spreadsheet in a tax-form style and an easy graphical representation of the results. The complete equation for evaluating RME is presented. Students and their lab instructors will be able to see at once the material performance of their laboratory reaction and evaluate critically which of the four parameters (reaction yield, atom economy, stoichiometric factor, and material recovery parameter) needs further optimization to bring about a “greener” synthesis plan. The effect of material recovery options on RME and RMC are also given. The methodology is applied to a wide variety of organic reaction types and key trends in the material efficiency performances are summarized.
Supplement
Derivations of eq 1 and eq 4; sample results for undergraduate organic chemistry experiments in Excel format along with a template file that can be readily adapted to any chemical transformation; cell definitions; course syllabus; example green metrics forms for several reactions in Microsoft Excel (version 5.0 or higher) format are available.
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Citation
Andraos, John; Sayed, Murtuzaali. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1004.
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Keywords
Computer-Based Learning; Graduate Education / Research; Green Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Second-Year Undergraduate; Synthesis; Upper-Division Undergraduate
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History
Created:
Last Updated:
4/24/2007
5/3/2007
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Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations.
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