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2007
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In the Laboratory
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Structural Order–Disorder Transformations Monitored by X-ray Diffraction and Photoluminescence
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R. C. Lima, E. C. Paris, and E. R. Leite
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
J. W. M. Espinosa and A. G. Souza
CCEN, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
E. Longo
Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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May 2007
Vol. 84 No. 5
p. 814
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| Abstract |
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This experiment introduces to students the X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques as tools to verify structural order–disorder transformations in solid-state materials. To achieve this goal, Sm3+ ions were added to a PbTiO3 lattice by soft chemical synthesis—the so-called polymeric precursor method. After a controlled heat treatment, the presence of these ions in the PbTiO3 matrix revealed the three order states of solid matter: the short- (disordered structure), intermediate-, and long-range (crystalline or ordered structure) states.
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| Supplement |
Detailed information about the experiment and notes for the instructor and students are available.
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| More Information |
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Citation |
Lima, R. C.; Espinosa, J. W. M.; Paris, E. C.; Souza, A. G.; Leite, E. R.; Longo, E. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 814.
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Keywords |
Hands-On Learning / Manipulatives; Interdisciplinary / Multidisciplinary; Laboratory Instruction; Materials Science; Physical Properties; Solid State Chemistry; Spectroscopy; Synthesis; Upper-Division Undergraduate
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History |
Created:
Last Updated: |
3/22/2007
3/27/2007
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 Caution! | | Experiments, laboratory exercises, lecture demonstrations, and other descriptions of the use of chemicals, apparatus, instruments, computers, and computer interfaces are presented in the Journal of Chemical Education as illustrative of new or improved ideas or concepts in chemistry instruction and are directed at qualified teachers. Although every effort is made to assure and encourage safe practices and safe use of chemicals, the Journal of Chemical Education cannot assume responsibility for uses made of its published materials. Many chemicals are hazardous. Precautions for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and directions for their proper disposal are described in the Material Safety Data Sheets and on the labels. We strongly urge all those planning to use materials from our pages to make choices and to develop procedures for laboratory and classroom safety in accordance with local needs and situations. |
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